Exam
Part II: Mixed Problems
14) (5 points) Draw time periods that would be designated as wetter versus drier periods.
15) (5 points) In Unit D: Human-Environment Interaction, we read a paper by Bryson (1988). Following the Environmental Science and Studies Department’s Citation Style Guide, write the reference citation for the paper below.
16) (6 points) For the following figure which depicts the Global Energy Flows in W/m2, calculate:
i) what percentage of incoming solar radiation is absorbed by the surface
ii) what percentage of incoming solar radiation is reflected by the surface
iii) what percentage of outgoing longwave radiation is emitted by the atmosphere
17) (4 points) The Volusia County Fertilizer Ordinance restricts the application of fertilizers during certain times of the year. Create a legend and mark the times during which
i) fertilizers containing nitrogen or phosphorus is prohibited altogether
ii) fertilizers containing nitrogen must contain no less than 50 percent slow-release nitrogen
18) (3 points) Illustrate and/or describe the 3 C’s of Rewilding.
19) (5 points) In Political Economy, we analyzed a model of the relationship between the ruling class, the working class, and the environment. Starting with the fundamental economic cycle, designate each respective player’s role and label the sink(s)/point of accumulation(s) as well as the resource extraction location(s).
Part III: Long Answer (5 points)
20) Define the assumptions of uniformitarianism and superposition. Explain how these assumptions are necessary for paleoclimatology. Also, explain why a multi-proxy approach is the best way to reconstruct past climates. Describe two archives and list the proxies you could recover from them and how you would use these to determine paleoclimate conditions.
Part IV: Short Answer (2 points each)
For each of the paired terms (one term from Unit C and the other from Unit D), connect the two main terms together with a short statement. This statement should convey the meaning of the terms and how the terms work together.
21) Population; Wolves
22) Tragedy of the Commons; Fishing
23) Societal values; Bottled water
24) Environmental Justice; E-waste
25) Risk perception; Nuclear Energy
Part V: Fill in the Blank (1 point each)
The geologic time period which delineates the end of the last ice age ~12 kya to the present is known as the (26)__________________________, however a new geologic time period has been proposed called (27)__________________________ based upon the sizable effect humans have had on the natural earth systems.
The Gulf of Mexico’s “Dead Zone” is an example of (28)__________________________, which is a result from the water soluble fertilizers applied across the entire Mississippi River Basin.
The (29)_________________________________________ process is how nitrogen is fixed to produce artificial fertilizers.
Generally, the limiting nutrient in marine ecosystems is
(30) __________________________while the limiting nutrient for freshwater ecosystems is (31) __________________________.
In the US, to make an organic claim or to use the Organic Seal, the final product must go through a certification process that is overseen by the
(32) ______________________________.
(33) __________________________ is the ongoing merging of economies, cultures, and societies through an international network of exchange.
Part VI: Matching (1 point each)
Match each person’s name with their brief synopsis by writing the letter corresponding to each synopses in the blank by their name. There are 26 names here and 24 synopses, meaning you will use every single letter at least once, except for two letters where you will use that same letter for two different people. For example, Y would go to Emily Niederman for being your lecture professor while Z would be by both Erle Ellis and Navin Ramankutty for publishing their concept of anthromes in 2008.
_____ Aldo Leopold
_____ Arne Næss
_____ Bill Deval
_____ Blaise Pascal
_____ Eric Wolf
_____ Farley Mowat
_____ Fibonacci
_____ Frank Throne
_____ George Sessions
_____ Gifford Pinchot
_____ John Muir
_____ Julian Simon
_____ Karl Marx
_____ Martin Luther
_____ Mary Douglas
_____ Michael Rosenzweig
_____ Murray Bookchin
_____ Norman Borlaug
_____ Paul Ehrlich
_____ Peter Singer
_____ Rachel Carson
_____ Raymond Bryant
_____ Ronald H. Coase
_____ Simon Kuznets
_____ Sinéad Bailey
_____ Thomas Malthus
A
A British economist whose theorem describes the conditions where an optimal decision can be made between multiple parties towards resolving disputes, though the theorem is used mainly to explain why inefficiencies exist.
B
A French mathematician who was famous for his triangle which patterns many numerical sequences in an aesthetic way.
C
A German priest and professor who is credited in a large part for starting the Protestant Reformation, which in the western world’s culture opened the door for freedom of conscious.
D
An American economist whose curve is used to explain the relationship between environmental degradation and the per capita income of countries.
E
An English economist whose famous theory lies in the concern that the rate of population increase would outpace the rate of the resources increase, eventually leading to a point of crisis where there were too many people for the number of resources available.
F
An Italian mathematician that has a numerical sequence named after him that he developed off of a model for breeding rabbits.
G
Anthropologist and author of Natural Symbols (1970) which defined the cultural theory of risk based upon relationships illustrated through modeling the societal structure.
H
Author of Animal Liberation (1975) which started the movement of the same name where the application of the utilitarian idea of aiming for “the greatest good” or ethical behavior was principally applied to other animals.
I
Author of Never Cry Wolf (1963), which contributed to the change in perception of wolves from villains to heroes by sharing the scientific findings of wolves’ ecological contribution and role in an accessible manner for general audiences.
J
Author of Silent Spring (1962) which advocated the end of the widespread use of DDT.
K
Author of The Communist Manifesto (1848) in which the capitalist mode of production was described to be the conflict between the bourgeoisie (the ruling classes) which control the means of production and the proletariat (the working classes) that sell their labour-power in return for wages.
L
Author of Win-Win Ecology (2003) which promoted the reconciliation ecology worldview that since there is not enough space in nature preserves to save biodiversity that biodiversity should be promoted in human-dominated landscapes.
M
Authored the short essay “The Shallow and the Deep, Long-range Ecology Movement: A Summary” (1973) where the term Deep Ecology was coined.
N
Coauthor of Deep Ecology: Living as if Nature Mattered (1985) which brought the deep ecology movement to the United States.
O
Cornucopian and business professor that took a famous wager in 1980 and won.
P
Credited with coining the term “political ecology” in the 1935 article “Nature Rambling: We Fight for Grass.”
Q
Credited with developing the three fundamental assumptions of practicing political economy.
R
Credited with reviving the term “political ecology” and setting off the scholarly movement of the same name with the article “Ownership and Political Ecology (1972).
S
Founder of the Sierra Club and is credited with forerunning the preservationist approach of the wilderness in regards to human-environment relations.
T
Instigator of the 1950s Green Revolution, which changed the world’s approach to agriculture by bringing in induced intensification.
U
Neo-Malthusian and Biologist that took a famous wager in 1980 and lost.
V
Social activist and prolific author who promoted social ecology where the fundamental assumption is that “ecological ills are social in nature.”
W
The first head of the U.S. Forest Service and is credited with forerunning the conservationist approach in regards to human-environment relations.
X
Was a professor at U. of Wisconsin, authored A Sand County Almanac (1949), and is considered the founding father of wildlife ecology.
2
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