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BIO221L Anatomy and Physiology: Functions Of Epithelial Tissues


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BIO221L Anatomy and Physiology

Questions:

Objectives:
List the four primary tissue types
List the functions of epithelial tissues
Know in general the location of epithelial tissue in the body
Understand the unique characteristics of epithelial tissue
Describe the components of connective tissue (cells, matrix [ground substance and fibers])
Understand the functions of connective tissue
List and understand the steps in tissue repair

Tissue: The Living Fabric
Individual body cells specialized
Each type performs specific functions that maintain homeostasis
Tissues
Groups of cells similar in structure that perform common or related function
Histology

Study of tissues

Studying Human Tissue: Microscopy
Tissue is fixed
Preserved
Cut
Sliced thin enough to transmit light or electrons
Stained
Enhances contrast

Epithelial Tissue Functions
Protection
Absorption
Filtration
Excretion
Secretion
Sensory reception

Epithelial Tissue (Epithelium)
Form boundaries
Two main types (by location)
Covering and lining epithelia
On external and internal surfaces 
Glandular epithelia
Secretory tissue in glands

Types of Primary Tissues
Epithelial tissue
Covers
Connective tissue
Supports
Muscle tissue
Produces movement
Nerve tissue
Controls

Epithelial Tissue Functions

Protection
Absorption
Filtration
Excretion
Secretion
Sensory reception

Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue: Polarity
Cells have polarity
Apical surface (upper free) exposed to exterior or cavity
Basal surface (lower, attached)
Both surfaces differ in structure and function

Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue: Specialized Contacts
Covering and lining epithelial tissues fit closely together
Form continuous sheets
Specialized contacts bind adjacent cells
Lateral contacts
Tight junctions
Desmosomes

Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue: Avascular but Innervated
No blood vessels in epithelial tissue
Must be nourished by diffusion from underlying connective tissues
Is supplied by nerve fibers

Glandular Epithelia
Gland
One or more cells that makes and secretes an aqueous fluid called a secretion
Classified by
Site of product release—endocrine or exocrine
Relative number of cells forming the gland
unicellular (e.g., goblet cells) or multicellular

Aging Tissues 

Normally function well through youth and middle age if adequate diet, circulation, and infrequent wounds and infections Epithelia thin with increasing age so more easily breached Tissue repair less efficient Bone, muscle and nervous tissues begin to atrophy DNA mutations possible  increased cancer risk

BIO221L Anatomy and Physiology

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