Dominik Dobrowolski
U.S. History Colonial to 1800
12/11/21
HW#4
What were American and British strategies for winning the war? What were the chief challenges the Americans faced in mounting the war, and how did they affect military strategy? What were the constraints on the British in waging war on American soil?
The British strategy in winning the war included the punishment and the isolation of Boston with the intolerable acts. They also used the battles of the Lexington, Concord, and Breed’s Hill as they assumed that the resistance was caused by the resistance that had come from the few radicals who were in New England. The Americans on the other hand used the moral superiority approach. They distributed pamphlets to let the British people know that they should not fight against their American brothers (Aioanei, 2021). They also used military ardor, knowledge of land and the militia. Through Gorilla war, they could ambush and conquer the British military.
Many challenges faced both the American and the British people in the war. The Americans had no sufficient manpower. They were relying on the militia to win the war because they lacked the number of military people. The enlistments decreased after losses and men returned home. As a result, they could not use the military strategies due to lack of tactics and skills. The British also faced the challenge because they did not want to create chaos in the colonies (Aioanei, 2021). They were trying to maintain the social and political order while at the same time taking over territories. They also needed to earn the support of the loyalists hence affecting their implementation of the military strategies
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Which Americans believed a stronger central government was needed, and why? What were the compromises they made in writing the Constitution?
The Americans that believed that a stronger central government was needed were the delegates of the Constitutional Convention who were in Philadelphia. These were the Federalist ideals who believed that the Congress needed to have the power to collect the taxes and to reduce the debts that were accumulating in the country (Allison, 2018). They also believed that there was a need for Congress to regulate the foreign commerce and to raise the armies. Therefore, the made the Connecticut compromise known as the Great Compromise. They established the upper and lower houses of Congress which had different forms of representation. The three-fifths compromise was in the slave states where one slave equaled a three-fifth of a vote. Therefore, the Congress could not ban the slave trade until 1808, when the states had to return the runaway slaves.
Describe the political philosophies of the Federalists and Antifederalists
The Federalists were people who were more involved in the market. Therefore, they believed in the division of power, meaning they did not deny the government its power. The group believed that all individuals are motivated by self-interest, and hence they were willing to build a government that was based on that (Hunt Jr & Ross, 2019). The aim was to build a government out of the human materials hence preserve liberty as opposed to destroying it. They also supported the toleration of different opinions.
On the other hand, the Anti-Federalists were people who believed in more rural development hence passionately engaging with the local communities. As such, they believed that giving people too much diversity resulted to the destruction of the republic (Felice, 2021). As such, what was important was the individual rights through the Bill of Rights. Having a central government was thus seen to be a form of enhancing oppression.
Which group was more democratic, the Federalists or Antifederalists? Or were they democratic (or undemocratic) in different ways?
The Anti-federalists and the federalists were both democratic and undemocratic in different ways. The Anti-federalists were democratic in the aspect of being strong supporters of individual human rights. They also feared the tyrannical rule of a powerful central government and the taxation that would result without representation. However, they were undemocratic because they rejected ideas. They were against the aspects such a religious freedom, freedom of expression and the absence of cultural oppression (Hunt Jr & Ross, 2019). The federalists on the other hand were democratic because they believed people should have unalienable individual rights, and they supported toleration of opinions. However, they supported a strong centralized government that would control commerce, armies, and taxes for the Americans.
What was the Whiskey Rebellion? How did it reflect larger tensions in the early republic?
The Whiskey Rebellion was started in 1794 after the Congress instilled the excise taxes on the distilled liquors. The farmers faced challenges with the transport of grain on horses over long distances. Therefore, converting it to whiskey was easier to transport and there was also a better market for the product (Walters Jr, 2017). Therefore, the rebellion was an indication that the government was exerting too much pressure on these farmers. However, it was also used to test the federal authority over the United States. It was an enforcement of the idea that the government had the right to levy tax on a particular product which would impact all the states.
What argument was Thomas Paine making in Common Sense?
Thomas Paine I making Common sense argues for the American independence. He begins with a general argument and continues to make theoretical arguments on the government and the religion. He distinguishes between the government and the society. He argued for the two main points of the independence of American from England and the creation of a republic that was democratic (Chiu, 2021). He insisted that the nation could not drive policies on the continent that was far away from it. He also insisted that the colonialists had become diverse as opposed to the Europeans only. At the same time, England was seen as not a good mother country hence the colonies needed to avoid being part of it.
What were the key elements of Hamilton’s fiscal and economic policies?
Hamilton needed to have the United States adopt the mercantilist economic policy. The aim was to have the American manufacturers protected through the direct government subsidies and tariffs. There were three key elements of his fiscal plan. The first was to have the central government assume the debts of the states incurred during the war in order to increase national unity and the legitimacy of the government (Aldama & Creel, 2019). The second was to have the country create a Bank of the United States to ensure that the country had a stable currency and common currency to signify a new nation. The third step was to create protectionist policies that included the subsidizing of the local manufacturers and enacting high tariffs on imports in order to have the American industry grow.
Why did political parties emerge during Washington’s administration? How did the two parties differ, and why was the conflict between them so intense?
The political parties that emerged during Washington’s administration emerged because there were disagreements on the nature of government, the economy and the foreign policy. The political factors started with the struggle for the ramification of the federal constitution (Levi & Hechter, 2020). Therefore, the increased friction was around the federal government’s creation and how powerful it would be. The issues of the nature of government led to some people supporting the formation of a strong central government and others seeing it as a tool that will be used to oppress people. The economy also needed to be enhanced to ensure there was growth. There were different approaches that were seen as appropriate for the same.
The conflict between these parties was intense because both parties had opposite views. Each political party believed that they were holding the right key to ending the country’s problems. Therefore, the federalists wanted a strong central government, whereas the anti-federalists were against it (Levi & Hechter, 2020). They wanted for the states to have the rights. There were also great differences in the models of economic development with the federalists pushing for the commercial sector development while the others wanted to have an agrarian society. These aspects were different and hence led to sharp divisions on the right approaches to the handling the three main problems identified.
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