1) What factors may influence both true/false positives and false negatives? (e.g., social, psychological, and biological backgrounds, education, etc. (Chapter 4) 2) Given the limited impact of the exclusionary rule on crime fighting and Miranda on conviction rates, what purposes do they serve? (Chapter 5) 3) Discuss the deterrent effect of the death penalty. Does…

In this exercise, you will undertake a principal components analysis of the CES-D items, using all 20 original items (no reversed items). Go to Analyze ➜ Data Reduction ➜ Factor Analysis. Select the 20 CES-D items, being careful not to select reversed items, and move them into the box for Variables. Click the Descriptives pushbutton…

Now you will undertake a factor analysis of the CES-D items using principal axis factoring, two factors, and oblique rotation. Proceed with the same set of variables as in Exercise B3. You can remove some of the Descriptive options (e.g., no further need for the KMO test or inspection of the anti-image matrix). Click the…

In this exercise, run a reliability analysis for each of the two factors from the previous exercise. In the first reliability analysis, use all 16 of the negatively worded items that had loadings greater than .30 on Factor I in Exercise B4. Then, do a second analysis for the four items that had loadings greater…

For these exercises, you will be using the SPSS dataset Polit2SetC. We will begin by looking at individual responses to items on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies— Depression (CES-D) Scale. For a description of these 20 items, refer to Exercise B1 in the chapter “Factor Analysis and Internal Consistency Reliability Analysis.” If you did this…

Now we will look at how many missing values individual participants had for these 20 CES-D items. To do this, we need to create a new variable (we will call it misscesd) that is a count of how many values are missing for each person. Select Transform ➜ Count Occurrences of Values Within Cases. In…

We will continue to test whether missingness on the CES-D scale is related to mothers’ characteristics, this time with chi-square tests to test differences in proportions on categorical variables. Select Analyze ➜ Descriptive Statistics ➜ Crosstabulations. Use cesdstat as the column variable, and the following variables as row variables: race/ethnicity, educational attainment, current employment status,…

If you have access to the SPSS Missing Values Analyses, run the MVA with the same set of variables and use Little’s MCAR test to see if you reach different conclusions based on the results of that test than you did based on results from Exercises B6 and B7. Exercise B7 We will continue to…

Using the answer to Exercise B9 (g), impute missing CES-D scores. First, create a new CES-D variable so that any possible mistakes do not affect the original scores. With the Compute Variable command, set the new variable (e.g., newcesd) equal to the original, cesd. Then, do another Compute Variable, and set newcesd equal to the…

Consider a hash function H, which outputs the leading 80 bits of the SHA3-512 digest.Given two html files G.html and H.html, we want to find two files G1.html and H1.html such that• H(G1.html) = H(H1.html)• Semantic of G.html and G1.html are the same. That it, both ren- der the same content in browser. Similarly, semantic…