CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERTURE
Provide a brief introduction to the chapter of a paragraph or two in length that is mostly in your own words. Focus on information that will draw the readers interest by discussing the various topic areas in relation to the focus of the study. There is no heading of introduction for this portion of the chapter.
Provide Heading for First Topic (Centered, Bold, Title Case Heading)
Discussion of first topic. Provide an introduction and present the pertinent results or evidence of the research associated with the topic with emphasis on what was found in studies related to this, why it is important and how that relates to other research on the topic. Provide a summary of the research presented.
Introduce any subheadings. What follows is a guide for the sub-headings. You must have two or more subheadings for each level used. A discussion within a subheading is generally three or more paragraphs.
Subheading-Level Two (Flush Left, Bold, Title Case Heading)
Discussion of topic. Provide intent, present the research, show integration of research, remain neutral show research that supports the topic and research that refutes in part or whole other research.
Subheading-Level Three (Flush Left, Bold Italic, Title Case Heading)
Discussion for topic. Provide intent and present the integrative and exhaustive review of the research.
Subheading-Level Three
Discussion for topic. Provide intent and present the integrative and exhaustive review of the research.
Subheading-Level Two
Discussion for topic. Provide intent and present the integrative and exhaustive review of the research.
Subheading-Level Two
Discussion for topic. Provide intent and present the integrative and exhaustive review of the research.
Discussion for Section
Draw conclusions based on what you have presented for the first topic.
Note: Repeat topic presentation as needed for your study. In general there will be three or four major headings prior to presenting the Theoretical Framework.
Theoretical Framework
Provide introduction. Highlights include the origins of the theory. The version of the theory you will use by specific author(s) and date(s). Describe the components of the theory. Relate the components to the critical areas of your study. Highlight how the theory has been used by others.
Summary
The summary for chapter two should reflect the relationships established from the review of the literature and articulate links to the theoretical framework.
Required Content checklist to ensure completeness of the section
85% of the studies are five years old or less.
There is an integration of research around the topic areas.
There is evidence that research is exhaustive.
The presented research provides answers to the research questions.
The chapter is at least 45 pages and includes 80-100 studies minimally
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
In the introduction provide a discussion which encompasses the re-statement of the problem and the research questions. For a quantitative study the hypotheses are also included. Note: Chapter Three must include sufficient information to allow the study to be replicated.
Required content checklist to ensure completeness of the section
In introduction includes a discussion of the problem.
Research questions are listed.
Research Method
A statement of either qualitative systematic literature review, qualitative, or quantitative approach should follow. Include a discussion of why your chosen methodology was the correct choice to answer the problem and research questions of the study. A discussion is provided of how the research design, whether phenomenological, narrative, case studies, correlational, descriptive, causal-comparative, or quasi-experimental, is the legitimate, appropriate research design as compared to other designs associated with the methodology chosen. You will also include a clear explanation why other research methods were not applied to this study. Use peer-reviewed sources to ground your discussion.
Required content checklist to ensure completeness of the section
The research method is clearly described and justified with citation.
There is an explanation supported by citation of why other research methods are not used.
Participants
The candidate will describe the location of the participants; discuss the criteria for selecting those participants (e.g., what characteristics do they possess that make them suitable for the area of investigation). Include the number of participants in the study and how the sample size was determined. Discuss the process by which the members of the sample were selected (such as random sampling, snowball) and include any important distinctions existing between the participants (e.g., gender or ethnicity). For Qualitative Systematic Literature Review, describe the target participants for the proposed study.
Required content checklist to ensure completeness of the section
Participants are clearly described.
Number of participants that will be need to be recruited is clearly presented and supported with citation.
Instrumentation
Provide a description of the instruments or protocols that were used surveys, interviews, observations, or artifacts. Provide an example of each instrument as an appendix. Describe in detail the instruments used in the study. Provide a thorough explanation of why these instruments or protocols were selected. Questions in created surveys should be directly related to the research questions. Discuss the reliability and validity of all instruments and how those factors were obtained. Note: Qualitative Systematic Literature Reviews (QSLR) that involve the use of instrumentation need to provide a discussion of the instrument in this section. If there is not an instrument paired with QSLR then it must be clearly justified in the research methods section.
Required content checklist to ensure completeness of the section
The instrument is clearly presented and when applicable the statistical information to supporting tool is included.
There is a clear justification for the use of the tool.
Interview questions for qualitative studies are listed according to the research question that the information will be used to answer.
Data Collection
The candidate will provide a concise but thorough description of the steps used to collect data from the participants. Qualitative and Quantitative studies will include a step by step description of the recruitment processes and/or communication; the informed consent process; and note the data collection schedule. All documents will be identified and listed as appendices. If interviews were conducted indicate the length, the number, where conducted, and stipulate how they were recorded. For scales and/or surveys, describe the procedures for how they will be distributed and collected. If artifacts/archival data are to be utilized, describe the process by which the data was procured, selected, and utilized. For any other methods of data collection provide a complete description of all processes. Include all other procedures and processes needed in order to replicate the study.
For a qualitative systematic literature reviews, provide the steps used in selection of the research articles. Include keywords used in the searches and databases. Also describe the tools used (where applicable) to this process.
Required content checklist to ensure completeness of the section
Data Collection is presented in a step by step discussion.
All documents included in the data collection process are included and listed as appendices.
The process is presented clearly and the instructions allow replication.
Data Analysis
The candidate describes the analysis of the data that was performed as well as the specific steps taken. It is important to reference a research methods book to detail this process. Researcher bias, validity, reliability and other research factors should be addressed as appropriate.
Required content checklist to ensure completeness of the section
Each step of the analysis process is clearly presented.
The discussion includes ethical considerations related to bias, reliability and validity.
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS
Chapter Four is where the results from this project are articulated in response to the research questions.
An introduction of the chapter is provided which includes a brief overview of the focus of the study and the research questions. Next, describe the participants. The results will follow in response to the research questions. Generally, the results are presented by research question. A brief interpretation or meaning without discussion is reported. Only the amount of explanation necessary to help the reader understand the basis for the outcomes of the results is included. Articulate how the results lead to a specific finding which will be discussed in chapter 5. The report of the results must be thorough enough for the reader to make an independent judgment about the research. Summarize the overall findings established from the results presented.
For qualitative studies, present the themes which emerged in response to the research questions. Subheadings are used for themes associated with the research question. For quantitative studies, present the results obtained in directly answering the research question
The following provides an overview of what is included in this chapter.
Provide an introduction for results. No heading is to follow the chapter heading.
Required content checklist to ensure completeness of the section
The introduction is brief and includes a focus of the study and research questions.
Participants
Discussion of participants. Provide any details of the participants as long as the details relate specifically to the research questions. For Qualitative and Quantitative studies present a description of each participant in the study.
Required content checklist to ensure completeness of the section
For qualitative studies each participant is clearly described. For qualitative systemic literature reviews and quantitative studies there is a general demographic description of participants.
Results Research Question One
Introduction provides the aim of the question. Context for the range of possibilities. Assert themes or significant results.
For qualitative studies, present each research questions followed themes. Subheadings are used for themes associated with the research question. Information under subheadings are three (3) or more paragraphs and each theme must include at least two quotes. For quantitative studies, present the results obtained in directly answering the research questions followed by whether the null or alternative hypothesis was accepted. Qualitative Systematic Literature Review studies will follow a similar format. The research questions will be presented as level one headings followed by themes that will be listed as level two headings. Each theme will include the number of articles used to support the theme.
Results Research Question One
Introduction provides the aim of the question and context for the range of possibilities. Assert themes or significant results.
Theme One
Discussions for subheadings are three or more paragraphs.
Theme Two
Discussions for subheadings are three or more paragraphs.
Discussion Research Question One
Note: Repeat this process for each research question in your study.
Articulate how the evidence presented supports or leads to a specific finding or findings. Describe any links to the applicable theory or framework.
Required content checklist to ensure completeness of the section
Qualitative and Qualitative Systematic Literature Reviews themes are listed as level two headings.
Themes are unique to the study and information obtained through data collection.
Qualitative themes include a statement of the number of participants supporting the theme and each theme contains two quotes.
QSLR themes indicate the number of articles used to develop the theme.
Quantitative studies present the statistical results.
Quantitative studies states if the null or alternative hypothesis is accepted.
Summary
In one or two paragraphs, provide a summary of the chapter.
CHAPTER FIVE
DISCUSSION
Chapter Five is where the discussion of the findings from the study are presented. The discussion should align the findings with the theoretical and conceptual framework that was defined in Chapter Two.
Begin with a brief overview of the study which includes the problem, purpose, research questions, theory, and brief description of the methodology.
Required content checklist to ensure completeness of the section
The overview includes a brief statement of the problem.
A brief purpose statement is presented.
The research questions are stated exactly as they were in chapter one.
There is a brief description of the theory.
There is a brief description of the methodology.
Findings
Next the candidate asserts and connects the findings to the predominate studies identified in the literature review, indicating how the results relate to this literature and provides explanations for the findings. Although much of this creative emphasis will be revealed in how the results are correlated with the existing literature, the significance of the findings beyond data analysis should be speculated. Provide a discussion regarding changes in the limitations or delimitations of the research.
Required content checklist to ensure completeness of the section
Findings related to research questions are clearly presented.
Findings are connected to the literature.
There is speculation of the meaning of findings beyond what the data revealed.
Implications for Professional Practice
The candidate will present a discussion of the implications of the study for professional practice and scholarly work in the field of psychology. Included are any recommendations for changes in psychological concepts and knowledge or any recommended changes applied to clinical practice. All implications are to be linked explicitly to specific results from the candidate’s study.
Required content checklist to ensure completeness of the section
There are clear and specific recommendations for professional practice.
Recommendations are linked to the results.
Recommendations for Research
Additionally, the candidate will present suggested future research topics based on the study that could expand this field of knowledge or which will direct scholars to new areas for further exploration.
Required content checklist to ensure completeness of the section
There are clear recommendations for future studies.
The recommendations describes the area of the field of psychology that will be expanded by the research.
Conclusions
Finally, the candidate will summarize personal insights and any final reflections in conclusion of the study.
Required content checklist to ensure completeness of the section
There is a clear indication of insights.
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