PICOT QUESTION 2
1
PICOT Question: Nosocomial Infections
Jameelah Yusuf
NRS-493-0503
Professor Ellie Milo
Grand Canyon University
July 18, 2021
PICOT Question
For patients admitted in hospitals seeking medical care (P), how will implementing infection control programs can (I) compared to no intervention (C) reduce the number of infections (O) throughout stay in the hospital by patients (T)?
Evidence-Based Solution
Nosocomial infections are infections acquired by patients while at health care facilities. These infections are not present at admission and are believed to develop at least 48 hours after admission. Evidence shows four main types of nosocomial infections are surgical wounds, urinary tract infections, respiratory complications, and skin infections (Khan, 2015). According to World Health Organization (WHO) report, implementing infection control programs such as risk surveillance, hand decontamination, cleaning, and disinfecting the hospital environment are standard and effective methods of reducing Nosocomial infections. In addition, a study conducted by CDC to determine the effectiveness of nosocomial infections programs found that the rate of infections in the hospital reduced by 32% when they incorporated four critical factors in surveillance and their control program (Borchardt,2018). Key emphasis on surveillance activities, an infection control personnel in every 250 beds, feedback of several infections after surgery to the surgeon and a knowledgeable epidemiologist.
Nursing Intervention
Together with other organizations like CDC, the World Health Organization formulated interventions that are considered standard in reducing nosocomial infections if implemented and followed thoroughly. This study seeks to implement the following interventions; using infection surveillance methods, disinfecting and cleaning the hospital environment, exercising safe injection practices, educating nurses, and practicing personal hygiene like wearing gloves and masks to avoid contamination. According to Ramasethu (2017), prevention measurements of nosocomial infections are only effective if the program is implemented and monitored for the desired results.
Patient Care
Patient care is essential after admission to the hospital to minimize the chances of getting an infection. There are standard precautionary methods applied for all patients, for instance, proper waste handling, washing hands soon as removing gloves, avoiding touch technique, and always wearing gloves when dealing with blood and body secretions. Further, based on the risk of infection and assessment of the disease, selected patients may require particular precautions methods like isolation Li (2017) suggested. Depending on the mode of transmission, airborne infection due to direct and indirect contact or droplet infections, nurses are to handle the cases differently. Other additional care practices include limiting visitors for specific diseases, using the appropriate mode of transport of patients and specimens from the laboratory.
Health Care Agency
National Safety Health Network came up with a feedback mechanism where different health organizations in the United States can share data and compare. This is an excellent method of involving the policymakers in the infection control methods. Besides, the health care and research agency supports health organizations and individual researchers whose research entails methods to reduce nosocomial infections.
Nursing Practice
Nurses are very vital to efforts to reduce infections acquired at the hospital. Effective control of nosocomial infections calls for evidence-based practices by nurses facilitated by education and regular research to enhance their knowledge and improve care. Therefore nurses should take the initiative to keep on learning new methods and types of infections and how to reduce the rate of contamination. In addition, all nurses are in the position of leadership to fight the infections and implement the standard guidelines suggested. Therefore, practicing diligently and offering quality care should be the cornerstone for all nurses to eradicate nosocomial infections.
References
Borchardt, R. A., & Tzizik, D. (2018). Update on surgical site infections: The new CDC
Guidelines. Journal of the American Academy of Pas, 31(4), 52-54.
Khan, H. A., Ahmad, A., & Mehboob, R. (2015). Nosocomial infections and their control
Strategies. Asian pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 5(7), 509-514.
Li, Y., Gong, Z., Lu, Y., Hu, G., CAI, R., & Chen, Z. (2017). Impact of nosocomial infections
Surveillance on nosocomial infection rates: A systematic review. International journal of
Surgery, 42, 164-169.
Ramasethu, J. (2017). Prevention and treatment of neonatal nosocomial infections. Maternal
Health, neonatology, and Perinatology, 3(1), 1-11.
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