Benzaldehyde is known in the flavor industry as bitter almond oil. It has a cherry or almond essence. It may be possible to recover it using CO2 for a portion of the processing. Explore the phase behavior of the CO2(1) + benzaldehyde(2) system, using the Peng-Robinson equation to categorize the system among the types discussed in…

A reaction occurs with all components present in liquid and gas phases. Compositions in both phases are measured and the activities are calculated. The equilibrium constant value calculated using vapor phase activities is different from the equilibrium constant calculated using liquid phase activities. Is something wrong?       Q462 Describe the behavior of the…

One suggestion for sequestering CO2 is to synthesize carbonate polymers. Polycarbonate is well known for its strength and transparency. To gauge the feasibility of this approach, consider the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from methanol and CO2 at 350 K. (a) Write a balanced stoichiometric equation for this reaction. Highlight any by-products. (b) Estimate the Ka value for…

For nonylglucoside, NG, thermodynamic data for demicellization in water are presented in problem 17.26. Model the micelle reaction as nS ⇄  Mn where S is free surfactant and Mn is a micelle. Treat the solution as an ideal solution. Vary the total concentration of NG from 0 up to 20 mmol/L. Water is 55.5 mol/L. Calculate…

A solution of NaHCO3 and HCl is prepared such that the total carbon concentration is 1E-3 M and the total Cl concentration is 2E-3 M. Calculate the pH and concentrations of species present. Assume that the pressure is sufficiently that any evolved CO2 remains in solution. Estimate the partial pressure of the CO2 assuming the MAB model. Plot…

Model a soft drink as a solution of water with CO2 dissolved at 298.15 K. In this way we ignore the sugar, flavor, and color. The Henry’s law constant for CO2 at 298.15 K is 0.035 (mol/kg-bar). (a) What pH and composition exist when the vapor phase is 3.5 bar absolute at room temperature ignoring O2 or N2 present?…

(a) Write the binding polynomial for ATP at 298.15K in terms of binding constants in the absence of Mg for application between 3 <>c < 14.=”” assume=”” ideal=”” solutions.=”” hint:=”” use=”” untransformed=”” equilibrium=”” constants=”” calculated=”” from=”” the=”” gibbs=”” energies=”” of=”” formation,=”” and=”” ignore=”” the=”” species=”” that=”” don’t=”” have=”” gibbs=”” energies=”” tabulated=”” in=”” the=”” appendix.=””> (b) Convert…

a) A gas-phase A+B system solvates A + B ⇄ AB with Ka = 0.5 at 298.15 K.  Calculate the compressibility factor, apparent fugacity coefficients, and the true vapor phase mole fractions in a mixture at 298.15 K and 2 bar when the apparent concentration is yA = 0.45 using ideal chemical theory. (b) A liquid-phase…

Furnish a proof that the concentration of true species i is maximum at composition xA* = ai/ (ai + bi), xB* = bi/(ai + bi) where ai and bi are given in Eqn. 15.1. [Hint: The Gibbs-Duhem equation is useful for relating derivatives of activity.] Show that the result for Z assoc is obtained by taking the…

Task 1 — Applied Research Project Instructions to Learners: This summative assessment can be completed in class or at any other convenient location. Students are required to complete this task using digital tools and ensure to submit in an acceptable format, e.g. .docx, .pdf, .pptx, or as advised by your assessor. Please use the following…