Multiple choice
1.Which definition best describes the process of learning?
a.A permanent change in behaviour due to underlying maturational processes triggered by critical periods.
b.Assimilation and accommodation of cognitive schemas
c.A relatively lasting change in behaviour that is the result of experience.
d.A leap in intelligence after repeating information by rote
e.The process whereby knowledge is anchored to memory
2.Learning by association is an explanation for learning put forward by which theory?
a.Social Learning
b.Classical conditioning
c.Operant conditioning
d.Constructivism
e.Cognitive
3.Which learning theory provides a method for studying how consequences influence “voluntary” behaviour?
a.Classical conditioning
b.Operant conditioning
c.Social learning theory
d.Schema theory
e.Social conditioning theory
4.Identify which example of operant conditioning below is demonstrating the use of negative reinforcement?
a.A teacher uses reward charts with children to increase the frequency of raising hand to answer questions.
b.A teacher uses chocolate as a reward to increase the frequency of children submitting homework
c.The teacher uses the threat of detentions to deter children from not completing their homework
d.A teacher uses praise and attention when children play quietly
e.A teacher rewards child with their favourite food for completing a project on time.
5.What is a major strength of Social Learning Theory?
a.It explains automatic and involuntary behaviours in children
b.It explains behaviours which have not been directly reinforced or shaped by rewards
c.It has been well supported in laboratory studies with animals and findings can easily be replicated
d.It explains why aggressive behaviours have been inherited, rather than acquired from the environment.
e.It explains aggression in children who have never been exposed to aggressive role models
6.Which example below best explains a “positive punishment”?
a.A child losing its pocket money
b.Detention
c.A child being told if they do not tidy their room, they will not get their pocket money
d.Taking away a child’s toys for bad behaviour
e.A child observing a role model being punished
7.which of the following is not required for social learning to take place?
a.Role model
b.Insight
c.Vicarious Reinforcement
d.Mental representation of behaviour
e.imitation
9.Which is a major limitation of correlations?
a.A lack of mundane realism
b.Time consuming
c.Expensive
d.Social desirability bias
e.A cause and effect cannot be established
10.The target population refers to which of the following?
a.Targeting which participants will be allocated to each condition.
b.The population for which the research question of hypothesis is aimed at.
c.The participants who are selected to take part in the research.
d.The whole of the population in the UK.
e.People who are willing and available to take part in the research.
Written Answer questions
The British Psychological Society (BPS) has provided a set of standard ethical guidelines for all psychology researchers comply with when undertaking any research in psychology. These ethical guidelines protect the rights and welfare of participants taking part in psychological research.
Q1)Identify and explain 2 ethical issues surrounding Asch’s (1951) 3 lines experiment on conformity (4 marks)
Q2)Identify and explain 3 ethical issues surrounding Milgram’s (1963) experiment on obedience. (6 marks)
Written answer questions
John’s father suffered badly from clinical depression, so did his grandfather.
John fears that he may develop clinical depression too, so he would like to get genetically tested.
Q1) Explain why John’s genotype may not reveal whether he too will suffer from clinical depression. Use your knowledge of genotype and phenotype to explain this?
(6 Marks)
Q2)Identify one behaviour in humans which evolutionary psychologists believe has been naturally selected. Evaluate the adaptive significance of this behaviour? (3 marks)
Written answer questions
Q1)Explain what is meant by multi-modal perception and provide an example of this.
(4marks)
Q2)Compare the bottom up and top down theories of perception.
(4marks)
Written answer questions
Read this passage and answer the questions below.
A psychologist carried out a controlled experiment to investigate if chunking information together could affect short term memory recall. 20 students were recruited for the experiment and placed in one of two groups of 10.
Group 1
Instructed to learn the numbers for 20 seconds in a series and then by recalling one at a time e.g. (3,6,9,4,0,1,7,5,3,)
Group 2
Instructed to learn the numbers in chunks for 20 seconds and then by recalling them in chunks e.g. (274, 569, 180)
The experimenter then calculated the mean recall of numbers in each condition to find the effects of chunking information on short-term memory recall.
Q1) Formulate a directional hypothesis for this experiment?
(2marks)
Q2) Identify the independent variable and the dependent variable in this experiment?
Independent (2 marks)
Q3)Identify which experimental design was used in this experiment and justify why the researcher has selected this design? (3 marks)
Q4) Identify and explain a suitable sampling method the research could use to recruit participants for this experiment? (3 marks)
Written answer questions
Arachnophobia, is the fear of spiders this is the most common phobia in the UK
W.11 Demonstrate using classical conditioning how someone may have developed arachnophobia? Use the relevant classical conditioning terminology (UCS, UCR, NS, CS CR)
(2Marks)
W.12 Explain how reinforcement theory (operant conditioning) might be used to encourage primary school children to pick up litter in the playground?
(4 Marks)
