SOLUTION: Analyzing Qualitative Data | My Assignment Tutor

GPH 719Research MethodsModule 5Analyzing Qualitative DataMODULE OVERVIEWThe Five BasicStepsIntroduction toQualitative Data AnalysisTypes of Qualitative DataAnalysisQualitative Data Analysis• Begins with more general open-endedquestions, moving toward greaterprecision as more informationemerges• Pre-defined variables are not identifiedin advance• Preliminary analysis is an inherent partof data collectionTHE PERFECT PAIRQuantitative Data Analysis• Key explanatory and outcomevariables identified in advance• Contextual and confounding variablesare identified and controlled• Data collection and analysis distinctlyseparate phases• Analysis uses formal statisticalproceduresINTRODUCTION TO QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSISQualitative Data Analysis (QDA) is therange of processes and procedureswhereby we move from thequalitative data that have beencollected into some form of explanation,understanding or interpretation of thepeople and situations we areinvestigating. QDA is usually based on aninterpretative philosophy.Organize YourDataFind andOrganize Ideasand ConceptsBuildOverarchingThemes In theDataEnsureReliability andValidity in theData Analysisand the FindingFind Possibleand PlausibleExplanations ofthe FindingsFIVE BASIC STEPSSTEP 1: ORGANIZE YOUR DATAThe best way to organize your data is to go backto your interview guide toIdentify and differential between the questionsand topics you are trying to addressThink INSIDE of the box by keeping in mindwhat you are trying to find out and your overallreasons for conducting the interviews.Think OUTSIDE of the box by looking at otherideas and themes that have emerged from yourdataSTEP 1: ORGANIZE YOUR DATASTEP 2: FIND AND ORGANIZE IDEAS ANDCONCEPTSPart A: See (What to Look For):• Words/phrases Used Frequently• Meaning in Language• The unexpected• Stories within the responsePart B: Do (Code and categorize Ideas and Concepts):• A qualitative code symbolically assigns a summative orevocative attributes for a specific portion of qualitativedata.• Look across transcripts for patterns, similarities, andrelationships explain why the phenomenon under study ishappening• Decide what coding approach you will apply:• Exploratory coding• Coding based on pre-determined parameters (predefined coding)HOW TO CODE QUALITATIVE DATASTEP 3: BUILD OVERARCHING THEMES IN THE DATAEach of the response categories has one ormore associated themes thatgive a deeper meaning to the data. Differentcategories can be collapsed underone main over-arching theme.STEP 3: BUILD OVERARCHING THEMES IN THE DATAIsolation Because of How TB is Perceived• He sees how other people with TB have been treated.• The story of his sister’s friend.• He fears how others will react, so he limits the number of people told in• order to avoid further isolation.Isolation as a Result of Being Infectious• He was forced to take a leave from work in order not to infect any ofhis colleagues (isolation by others).• Family has to take precautions (limit contact and sharing) in order notto get sick.• He avoids going to places where he might infect others (where thereare many people) — isolation of himself for others.STEP 4: ENSURE RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY1. Test emergent findings and hypotheses2. Check for researcher effects3. Validate and confirm findings4. Obtain feedback from participants5. Externally validate coding strategies6. Acknowledge factors that might have influenced theinterviewee’s responsesSTEP 5: EXPLAIN THE FINDINGS1. Make a summary of your findings and themes2. Ask yourself the key questions3. Answer the key questions using the scientificresearch literature4. Revisit your personal notes and data collectionmemos5. Consult key informants and community collaborators6. Relate your findings back to the context of thecultural experience within each respectivecommunityMETHODOLOGICAL APPROACHESQUALITATIVE RESULTSDiscourseAnalysisContentAnalysisNarrativeAnalysisGroundedTheoryThematicAnalysisGPH 719Research MethodsModule 5Analyzing Qualitative Data