You need to reply to 2 of the classmates on the subject the reply should be direct by their names Hi____.and try to add depth to the discussion and not just agreeing you have to have a reference page foe each reply.
Thanks.
Here are the students posts:
Jelenny RE: Discussion – Week 8
COLLAPSE
Week 8 Discussion
Jelenny Marquez
Program Evaluation
Purpose of the Program Evaluation
Parent Management Training is an intervention used to treat children and adolescents demonstrating problematic disruptive and aggressive behavior. The XYZ Pediatric Care Facility is seeking to evaluate the effectiveness of the 11-week program that referred parents to the PMT program. The purpose of the proposed evaluation is to assess the difficulty parents have in receiving help with children who struggle with conduct disorders (gap in care), evaluate the treatment effectiveness of the PMT program, and appraise whether or not incentives to participate actually increase parental awareness and participation. How to use an Experimental Design to Test a Question that Would be Relevant to the Program Evaluation
A group of parents is identified and are randomly assigned to participate in a controlled study (experimental study) of whether participating in a program to increase parental awareness and participation of PMT as an intervention for parents/caregivers when they have a child who is demonstrating problematic disruptive and aggressive behavior. The program staff are also interested in knowing whether the training and/or support group services help the participating parents compared to non-participating parents, increase awareness of problematic behaviors, thus helping to address and possibly decrease the incidence of disruptive behavior in their children.
A specific question that could be addressed utilizing an experimental design is:
According to parent self-reporting, will a brief parent training program provide enough support to allow parents to implement the strategies at home with success?
Variables
Independent variables can be screening questions to identify potential participants, activities and intervention, and participation in program. Dependent variables are target behaviors, such as problematic behavior and outcomes of intervention. A possible hypothesis would be: identification and referral of high-risk families with children 3–10 years old to PMT program would result in reductions in parent-reported problematic and disruptive behavior.
Reducing Threats to Internal Validity Utilizing an Experimental Design
With maturation and testing these are controlled in that they are manifested equally in both treatment and control groups (Babbie, 2017). Instrumentation is controlled where conditions control for intrasession history, especially where fixed tests are used. However, when observers or interviewers are being used, there exists a potential for problems. If there are insufficient observers to be randomly assigned to experimental conditions, the care must be taken to keep the observers ignorant of the purpose of the experiment (Robinson, 2015).
References
Babbie, E. (2017). Basics of social research (7th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. Chapter 4, “Research Design”
Linfield, K. J., & Posavac, E. J. (2019). Program evaluation: Methods and case studies (9th ed.). London: Routledge.
Robinson, N. (2015). Fundamentals of social science research (6th ed.). Routledge.
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ROXANNE RE: Discussion – Week 8
COLLAPSE
Briefly restate the general nature of your team’s RFP’s program (e.g., school anti-bullying program).
The purpose of this RFP is to assess the gap in access to care for parents with children who struggle with conduct disorders and/or aggressive behaviors, determine if/what incentives are effective in increasing participation in the Parent Management Training (PMT), and evaluate the effectiveness of the program (PMT) itself.
How might you use an experimental design to test a question that would be relevant to your program evaluation (e.g., compare an outcome for a group that received the program versus one that did not during the same time period, especially if the participants are randomly assigned to be in the program/no program groups)? A part of the PMT program is screening the children and parents in advance to determine if they would be appropriate for this behavioral intervention. Medical and behavioral health staff members administer the Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI), the Social Competence Scale-Parent (P-Comp), and the Parent Practices Interview (PPI). These assessments are administered at the beginning and the end of the 11-week program and provide an easy and convenient opportunity for an experimental design. Experimental research design randomly assigns participants to a control group or the program group (Linfield & Posavac, 2019). The control group in this case could be given pamphlets on parenting strategies for addressing aggressive behaviors in children and they could be assessed with the same pretest and posttest screenings as the program group. Any change in the post-test scores could be interpreted as positive or negative correlations to the PMT program. What is a specific question you could address for your example?
Is an in-person training program more effective than informational brochures at reducing aggressive behaviors in children?
Describe the specifics of your design for addressing this question. What is your independent variable? What might be a viable dependent variable to answer the question? What hypothesis would you be testing for the proposed evaluation?
Hospital and behavioral health staff could administer the three assessments to children and families who might be a good fit for behavioral interventions. The identified participants could then be randomly assigned to the control group and the program group. The control group would receive pamphlets or brochures with information on behavioral modifications that could assist parents in managing their children’s aggressive behaviors. At the end of 11 weeks, the participants of the control group would be given the same three assessments then and their scores would be compared to their pretest scores to see if any improvements have been observed. For the program group, they would participate in the 11-week PMT program, in person, to learn behavioral modifications in hopes of reducing their children’s aggressive behaviors. After the 11 weeks are completed, the same three assessments are administered again and the scores compared with the pretest screenings to determine if any improvements in behaviors can be observed. Then the results from both groups can be compared to determine if in-person training produces more positive change than informational brochures. Independent variable: program group
Dependent variable: improved scores on posttest screenings
Hypothesis: In-person behavioral modification training is more effective than informational brochures on the same topic.
What would be one method you might use to reduce threats to internal validity with this design?
Experimental research design can address threats to internal validity in several ways: “(1) the groups should not differ in rate or level of maturation, (2) people cannot select themselves into one or the other group, (3) although individuals begin with different degrees of need, the groups do not begin the experiment at different levels on the outcome variable, (4) all people experience the same amount of testing, and (5) all groups represent the same population so the groups cannot be regressing toward different means” (Linfield & Posavac, 2019, p. 221). By utilizing the task of randomly assigning participants to the program or control group, the threat of self-selection to a group can be avoided. Parents would not be given the option to choose between in-person or brochures, although the control group could be invited to join the PMT program after the initial control group participation if they were interested in receiving that service. Reference
Linfield, K. J., & Posavac, E. J. (2019). Program evaluation: Methods and case studies (9th ed.). London: Routledge.
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