Unit II worksheet (chapters 4,5,6) (Due before taking test 2)
Chapter 4: Consciousness
T or F: Indicate whether each of the following statements is true(T) or false (F).
_____ When in REM sleep, we are most likely in a dream.
_____ Everyone can be reliably hypnotized.
____ Freud believed that the contents of our dreams come from our unconscious mind.
_____ Infancy is the only developmental stage during which we do not dream.
_____ Children can be hypnotized more reliably than adults.
_____ There are some nights when people do not dream at all.
_____ The circadian rhythm occupies a 24-hour period.
_____ One sleep cycle takes, on average, 90 minutes to complete.
_____ Hypnosis is a useful tool to help us accurately retrieve lost memories.
_____ Deep sleep occurs during stage one of the sleep cycle.
Matching: The following psychoactive substance with the category it belongs in.
_____ LSD A. Depressant
_____ Cocaine B. Stimulant
_____ Nicotine C. Hallucinogen
_____ Marijuana
_____ opiates
_____ caffeine
_____ alcohol
Short answer essays: Provide a short written response for each of the following questions.
1. Briefly describe the explanation of where the content of dreams come from according to the following theories:
a) Freud’s theory (dreams as wish fulfillment)
b) “residue of the day” theory
c) Activation-synthesis theory (Random neurological activity):
2. What is the possible benefit of infant dreams?
Chapter five: Learning
Matching: Based on the following scenario, match the terms from classical conditioning to the events from the story. Some of the options will not be used.
William and Mary started dating a year ago. Whenever Mary sees William her heart starts to flutter and she feels butterflies in her stomach. She thinks she might be in love! Whenever William takes Mary out on a date, he plays her his favorite song and always wears his lucky, blue shirt! After dating exclusively for about a year, William decides that maybe, he needs a break and wants to start seeing other women! Mary is heartbroken, but she has no choice and decides that she will start seeing other guys! On her first date since the break-up, Mary goes out on a blind date, and the guy is wearing a blue shirt. All of a sudden, Mary’s heart starts to flutter and she feels those familiar butterflies!!Mary wonders if she is in love (again), or is this just classical conditioning!!??
____ unconditioned stimulusA. Mary’sphysiological response when
shesees the blue shirt
B. William after Mary fell in love with him
_____ conditioned stimulus C. Blue shirts before Mary fell in love with William
_____ neutral stimulus D. Mary before she fell in love with William
E. Mary’s blind date
____ unconditioned response F. Mary’s physiological response when she sees William
_____ conditioned response G. Blue shirts after Mary fell in love with William
H. William’ s favorite song after he fell in love
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Match the following terms with the description. Not all terms will be used.
A. Stimulus generalization ____ consequence of behavior
B. Shaping that decreases the likelihood
C. Secondary reinforcer of that behavior occurring again
D. Stimulus discrimination
E. Reinforcement____ use of reinforcement to slowly ‘teach’
newbehaviors
F. Punishment____ conditioned responses elicited to other
stimuli similar to the original
G. Observational learning conditioned stimulus
H. Primary reinforcer____ learning by imitation of a model
____ any consequence of behavior that strengthens
that behavior
_____ conditioned response emitted in the presence of the original conditioned stimulus and no other stimuli
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Chapter six: Memory
Matching: not all terms will be used!
A. encoding M. semantic memory
B. sensory storageN. elaborative rehearsal
C. short term memory O. maintenance rehearsal
D. long term memory P. chunking
E. retrieval cues Q. “7 plus or minus 2”
F. repression R. infantile amnesia
G. retroactive interference S. episodic memory
H. proactive interference
I. implicit memory
J. explicit memory
K. echoic memory
L. iconic memory
_____ average size of adult short term memory
_____ long term memories of facts and information
_____ new, more recently stored information blocking access to older information
_____ auditory, sensory memory; longest lasting of all sensory memory
_____ useful to increase the amount of information stored in short term memory
_____ storage that will never run out of space
_____ the inability for adults to retrieve memories stored before age three years
_____ long term memories of events (such as parties or having lunch) in which the individual participated
_____ keep information in short term memory (longer than 30 seconds) by repeating the information over and over again!
_____ memories used “automatically” for a skill or familiar task
______ also referred to as “working memory”
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