HIS 250: History of Christianity in America
Study Guide for Final Exam
The following questions may appear on the test as multiple-choice, true or false, and matching questions.
1. A Dominican missionary named ______ Bartholomew Las Casas ______________ received the title “Defender of the Indians” for venting his fury against his countrymen because of their cruel treatment of the native peoples.
2. The first two European nations that established settlements in the New World during the Age of Exploration were strongly connected to the _____Christian_______ Church.
3. An English clergyman named _____ Richard Hakluyt ___________ argued that the true gospel must be born to North America by the Protestant nation of England rather than Spain and proposed to Queen Elizabeth the idea of developing settlements and towns in the New World.
4. ____True_________ in the colony of Jamestown, Virginia was the legally sanctioned and state-protected church.
5. _______ Pilgrims _____________ crossed the ocean in the Mayflower and established the Plymouth colony, determined to separate from the Church of England to practice their religion in a way they believed the Bible prescribed.
6. ______ Roger Williams _____________, who had some connection with the Baptist movement, established the colony of Rhode Island to allow for religious freedom.
7. When merchants from Holland established the colony of New Netherland, ____ the Dutch Reformed Church _____ was the established church of the colony, though other unofficial churches were allowed.
8. A Quaker named ________ William Penn __________________ established the colony of Pennsylvania, which granted perhaps the most toleration for religious diversity in the early colonies.
9. ___ Calvert ______ was a Catholic who founded first private colony in America, namely Maryland. He encouraged both Protestants and Catholics to emigrate.
10. When John Wesley came to the Georgia colony as an Anglican missionary, he was influenced by his contact with a Christian group known as ______ Methodism _______.
11._______Bill of Rights_________ was written to guarantee religious freedom and forbid the establishment of religion in the United States.
12. Some of the founding fathers, including Thomas Jefferson, could be described as _______ infidel __________. They had a rationalist view of religion, believing in a Creator God but denying God’s ongoing involvement with humanity (as described in the traditional religious teachings of Christianity).
13. _________ voluntary religious associations _________ were an important part of 19th century American Christianity and responded to the needs to preach the Gospel and respond to social needs, opposing vice and relieving suffering.
14. A professor who served as president of Oberlin College, ______ Charles Grandison Finney _____ led revivals during the Second Great Awakening in the growing towns of westward migration and in the major cities of the East.
15. In sending missionary observers, _____________ Presbyterians and Congregationalists___________ combined their resources in order better to meet the challenge of the extensive western territory acquired by the United States.
16. _____________ the Baptists and Methodists ____________ were the most important groups in bringing Protestantism to the West.
17. In the debate over slavery, _______ The Abolitionists ____________ clergymen like Elijah Lovejoy and Daniel Payne argued that slavery was an evil practice that should end.
18. In the debate over slavery, _________ The Apologists__________ Samuel How, John England, and Richard Furman defended the practice of slavery, arguing that it was approved by God and pointing to biblical precedents.
19. Due to extensive immigration in the 19th century, _________ The Irish ___________ has much control within the Catholic Church in America.
20. Immigration from the various Scandinavian countries led to several different bodies within the __________ separate _________ Church.
21. Washington Gladden was an early leader of the _____________ Christian witness _______________ movement that applied Christian teachings to institutional problems within wider society.
22. The temperance movement, promoted by several churches in the early 20th century, led to the passage of the ______________ the Eighteenth Amendment __________ (which was later repealed).
23. After the Spanish-American War, many Americans (including President William McKinley) believed it was America’s duty to send Protestant missionaries to ___________ Philippines ___________, was a predominantly Catholic country.
24. In the early 20th century, newer American-born churches that had significant growth in the United States and abroad due to their extensive mission work include ___________________________ assimilation _________________.
25. What were the 8 largest Christian denominations in America at the end of the 19th century?
American Catholicism, Methodism, Baptists, Presbyterians, Lutheranism , the Episcopalians, the Congregationalists
26. _______________ Pentecostalism _______________ includes a group of rapidly growing denominations in America (and later worldwide) that are distinguished by their reliance upon the Holy Spirit in supernatural practices such as speaking in tongues as well as the healing of physical infirmities.
27. ______________________________ were conservative Christians who maintained an extreme loyalty to what they considered important principles of the Bible (inlcuding the literal return of Christ) and often were in conflict with aspects of the modern world (such as the ideas of modern science and philosophy).
28. ____________________________ adapted traditional Christian teachings to the ideas of modern science and philosophy, often reinterpreting the narratives and principles of the Bible, while having more confidence in human efforts to improve society in a way that would bring the Kingdom of God.
29. Because they were a historic peace church and objected to war, ________________ instead engaged in humanitarian efforts during World War II abroad in an endeavor to clothe the needy, feed the hungry, and minister to the sick.
30. ____________________ was the leading revivalist evangelist in the second half of the twentieth century.
31. The Supreme Court case _________________ said that ritual Bible reading and recitation of the Lord’s Prayer in the public schools were unconstitutional.
32. The Supreme Court case _____________________, which proved divisive for American Christianity, upheld the right nationally for women to have an abortion in the first trimester, though individual states were allowed to regulate abortion in the second trimester or prohibit it in the third trimester.
33. A Baptist pastor named ________________________ was a leader in the Civil Rights Movement that fought for equal right for African Americans.
34. Barbara Harris was the first female bishop within the ______________________ Church.
35. The _____________________ advocates for the environment, feminism, civil rights, acceptance of gays and lesbians, and economic justice.
36. The _____________________ became even more popular at the end of the 20th century. It focused on advocating family values and prayer in public schools, opposing abortion, condemning homosexuality, despairing over the growth of secular humanism, supporting teaching of creationism, and promoting a return to Christian America.
Short essay questions will be drawn from homework assignments. Extra credit questions may come from reading notes, even if not discussed in class.
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