INSTRUCTIONS – PLEASE READ CAREFULLY
This exam is available from Sunday Dec 12th 1.00 pm EST until Friday Dec 17th midnight EST.
Completed exam papers in Word or PDF format only should be submitted via e-mail to aknight@fit.edu using the file name (your full name_date_Green_Chemistry_MTE). Incorrect file names and/or format will result in a 2% grade penalty.
Do not send files larger than 15 Mb. If your file is larger than this use a file size reducer in your software.
Dr. Knight will acknowledge receipt of your time-stamped e-mail message on Saturday Dec 18th or earlier. A 5% grade penalty will be applied for every 24 hours the exam is late. For example, an exam submitted at 8.00 pm EST Saturday Dec 18th will carry a 5% penalty. An exam submitted at 8.00 pm EST Sunday Dec 19th will carry a 10% penalty etc.
Plagiarized exams will receive a grade of zero. Refer to the course syllabus for a description of plagiarism.
Do not use bullet points or numerical lists and avoid single, very short sentences.
Marks will be removed for poor style including grammar and spelling and if your writing cannot be read or understood. It is recommended you use Microsoft Word and turn on spelling and grammar checker.
Either software drawn, or clear, hand-drawn diagrams are required and will be taken into consideration in the final marks.
CHM 5201 Green Chemistry
Knight -Final Exam F 2021
NAME: ________________________________
____________________________________________
Section A. Essay/Long response question (30%)
The length of each response should be ca. 500-1000 words. Do not use bullet points or numerical lists and avoid single, very short sentences. Marks will be removed for poor style or if your writing cannot be read or understood. Clear, hand-drawn diagrams are required and will be taken into consideration in the final marks.
1. Describe how photochemistry may be exploited in green synthesis. Use any example you wish. Describe in detail with an explanation, which green principles photochemistry may impact.
OR
2. The industrial synthesis of Vitamin C has become greener over time. Discuss the development of Vitamin C synthesis and highlight some of the major green advancements. Show balanced chemical reactions/equations for each major synthetic process for each advancement where appropriate.
____________________________________________
Section B. Problems/Short response questions (40%)
1. List 8 of the 12 principles of Green Chemistry.
2. (a) Give any two examples of sonochemical reactions (either small scale or industrial scale) (b) what are the major advantages of sonochemical reactions as it relates to the green principles of chemistry? (c) what do you think are the major barriers to the wide-spread application of sonochemistry in green chemistry?
3. List three major green advantages of microwave reactions and three disadvantages of microwave reactions
4. What is the % atom economy for the water-gas shift reaction where CO2 is the desired product and hydrogen is considered unwanted waste? The reaction is performed in the presence of 1 mol% copper(II) oxide. Assume the reaction goes to completion (ie non-equilibrium)
Section C. Multiple Choice (30%) Circle the correct answer
1. In Monsanto’s methanol carbonylation process which of the following is an undesirable competing reaction?
(a) carbon monoxide reduction
(b) acetaldehyde polymerization
(c) water-gas shift reaction
(d) ethylene polymerization
(e) carbon dioxide reduction
2. A complex of which of the following metals is most commonly used as an additive in BP’s Cativa process?
(a) sodium (b) ruthenium
(c) manganese (d) chromium (e) germanium
3. The industrial synthesis of vitamin C requires the use of an oxidant. Which of the following oxidants is considered the most green?
(a) hydrogen peroxide (b) pure oxygen
(c) singlet oxygen (d) ozone
(e) oxygen present in air
4. What is the BASIL process primarily used for?
(a) acid scavenging
(b) phosphine removal
(c) supercritical fluid reactions
(d) high MW molecular wt. polymer synthesis
(e) synthesis of ionic liquids
5. Which of the following modifications of azo dyes is considered a green improvement?
(a) increased dye solubility in water
(b) decreased dye solubility in water
(c) addition of a reactive halogen on the dye molecule
(d) addition of a reactive nitro group on the dye molecule
(e) removal of the azo group
6. Which of the following is a disadvantage of the use of supercritical CO2 as a solvent?
(a) reaction with strong nucleophiles
(b) weak solvation
(c) high diffusion rates
(d) recyclable
(e) does not mix with water
7. Which of the following is considered a major advantage with the use of a phase transfer catalyst?
(a) low vapor pressure
(b) easy to synthesize
(c) high specific heat capacity
(d) ease of reactant/product separation
(e) low solubility in water
8. Plasmon assisted catalysis has been succcessfully applied to which of the following processes?
(a) methyl parathion hydrolysis
(b) sulfide oxidation
(c) Diels-Alder reaction
(d) Grignard reaction
(e) manufacture of sulfuric acid
9. In sonochemistry which process leads to the formation of high localized temperatures?
(a) molecular rotation
(b) solvent evaporation
(c) bubble collapse
(d) solvent expansion
(e) change in internal energy
10. Which of the following reaction classes
would be considered the least atom economical?
(a) rearrangement (b) substitution
(c) polymerization (d) dimerization
(e) ring-opening
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