10 Running head: USE OF TELEMEDICINE IN DIABETES MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS 1

Running head: USE OF TELEMEDICINE IN DIABETES MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS 1

Use of Telemedicine in the Management of Patients with Diabetes

Quadasia Dukes

Liberty University

September 12, 2021

Polinski, J. M., Barker, T., Gagliano, N., Sussman, A., Brennan, T. A., & Shrank, W. H. (2016). Patients’ satisfaction with and preference for telehealth visits. Journal of general internal medicine, 31(3), 269-275.

In their study, Polinski, Barker, Gagliano, Sussman, Brennan, & Shrank (2016) aimed to evaluate the patient’s preference and satisfaction with telehealth visits. The researchers examined how the patients rated their visits to CVS MinuteClinics. They utilize a cross-sectional survey to evaluate patient satisfaction. Only patients aged 18 years and above and those who presented sustainable symptoms were allowed to visit MinuteClinics, which offered telehealth. Some of the main measures used in the research include gender, age, availability of the insurance cover, or primary care provider. The patient’s satisfaction was rated with seeing and hearing the remote practitioner, seeing diagnostic images, hearing or seeing the assisting on-site nurse capability, convenience, quality of care, and overall understanding. Moreover, trey patients were allowed to rank their telehealth in comparison with the traditional visits. Polinski et al. (2016) used a multivariate logistic regression tool to analyses their data. Out of 3303, only 54 percent (n=1734) completed the survey, where 70 percent were women. Between 94 and 99 percent of the participants were very satisfied with telehealth visits. The researcher found that lack of healthcare cover increases the chance of people to seek telehealth services, and most of the women were more satisfied with telehealth compared to their male counterparts. Some of the determinants that pushed for telehealth included the quality of care received, continence, and overall understanding. Therefore, the researcher concludes that patients were more satisfied with telehealth visits.

Ayatollahi, H., Mirani, N., Nazari, F., & Razavi, N. (2018). Iranian healthcare professionals’ perspectives about factors influencing the use of telemedicine in diabetes management. World journal of diabetes, 9(6), 92.

In their study, Ayatollahi, Mirani, Nazari, & Razavi (2018) aim to evaluate the perspectives of the Iranian healthcare professionals about the factors that influence the use of telehealth in diabetes management (DM). The researchers used the quantitative method of research to collect, analyze and interpret their data. In this study, Ayatollahi et al. (2018) included 55 physicians and 240 nurses from three teaching hospitals and one endocrinology and metabolism research center. The researchers used no sampling method, but the participant’s response was rated using the 5 points Likert scale. The participants were required to fill a closed-ended questionnaire which comprised 37 questions. Mann-Whitney U test was used in analyzing the data. In their study, Ayatollahi et al. (2018) found that both the nurses and physicians used telehealth in managing diabetes among patients. However, the findings show that their lower compatibility between telehealth and clinical activities in managing diabetes. On the other hand, the attitude of healthcare professionals towards telehealth is lower. Therefore, Ayatollahi et al. (2018) conclude that despite that telehealth is useful in managing diabetes, it is always important for the healthcare organization to consider the health practitioners’ concerns on its implementation.

Rho, M. J., Kim, H. S., Chung, K., & Choi, I. Y. (2015). Factors influencing the acceptance of telemedicine for diabetes management. Cluster Computing, 18(1), 321-331.

Rho, Kim, Chung, & Choi (2015), in their study, were more interested in identifying the factors that influence telemedicine acceptance for DM. They begin by acknowledging that telehealth is effective in the management of blood glucose management as well as diabetic complication progression. Its usefulness in DM has been known for a while, but there is little understanding of various factors that influence its acceptance among patients and in healthcare settings. Rho et al. (2015) relied on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model to determine the factors that influence telehealth acceptance. The researchers collected their data using a paper-based survey from 116 patients living with diabetes. The participants were selected from 6 university hospitals, and they used partial least squares regression to determine the causal relationship in five variables. The researchers found that some factors like social influence, effort expectancy, and performance expectancy had a positive impact on the behavioral intention to the telemedicine service use. the researchers found that telehealth service use among diabetic patients should be accompanied with service guideline education and continuous assistance service. Therefore, healthcare organizations need to improve the support system to encourage the use of telehealth in DM.

Xu, T., Pujara, S., Sutton, S., & Rhee, M. (2018). Peer-reviewed: Telemedicine in the management of type 1 diabetes. Preventing chronic disease, 15

In their study, Xu, Pujara, Sutton, & Rhee (2018) evaluates the effectiveness of telehealth in managing type 1 diabetes among the veterans living in rural areas in Georgia and Alabama who are experiencing several barriers in receiving diabetes specialty. The authors begin by acknowledging that telemedicine can be a promising solution in helping to improve the accessibility of the needed health services. The researchers used a retrospective review of the records of the patients who received care in the Atlanta VAMC endocrinology telehealth Clinic between 2014 June and 2016 October. Some of the outcomes of the interest in this study included changes in glycemic control, hemoglobin A1c levels, convenience, cost-saving, appointment adherence, and patient satisfaction. The researchers found that telehealth helped in the reduction of glucose variability and mean hemoglobin A1c. It also led to a non-significant rise in the hypoglycemic cycles. Moreover, it saved time and cost wasted in traditional clinic visits. They recorded 88 percent patient adherence, and all of the patients stated that they would recommend telemedicine to other veterans. Therefore, this study shows that telehealth is critical in reducing time, cost-saving, high patient satisfaction, and attaining a high patient adherence rate.

Ghosh, A., Dutta, K., Tyagi, K., Gupta, R., & Misra, A. (2020). Roadblock in the application of telemedicine for diabetes management in India during the COVID19 pandemic. Diabetes & metabolic syndrome, 14(4), 577.

Ghosh, Dutta, Tyagi, Gupta, & Misra (2020) identify various factors that inhibit the implementation of DM in India, especially during this period of the Covid 19. The researchers begin by accepting that the Covid19 pandemic has necessitated the need for telehealth implementation in managing diabetic patients. In their study, the researchers found that poor internet connectivity is one of the factors that limit telehealth implementation where some areas lack speed internet connectivity. Lack of proper hardware like computers and smartphones is another factor limiting the implementation of telehealth, especially in diabetic patients in rural areas. Other factors include lack of technological savviness, poor handling of hardware’s like smartphones, hearing inabilities, among others.

Zhai, Y. K., Zhu, W. J., Cai, Y. L., Sun, D. X., & Zhao, J. (2014). Clinical-and cost-effectiveness of telemedicine in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine, 93(28).

In their study, Zhai, Zhu, Cai, Sun, & Zhao (2014) the effectiveness of telehealth in managing diabetic patients. The researchers utilized literature review methodology in searching for the data from other research resources. While conducting the metaanalysis and systematic review, the researchers considered articles that included participants who were aged eighteen years and above, were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Also, the researchers selected the articles that were published on February 28th, 2014. They reviewed 47 sources where 35 were reporting quantitative outcomes for HB A1c and randomized controlled trials. From the chosen articles, 35 supported that telehealth reduced blood glucose and reduced the cost required in seeking diabetic specialty care.

Lee, J. Y., & Lee, S. W. H. (2018). Telemedicine cost-effectiveness for diabetes management: A systematic review. Diabetes technology & therapeutics, 20(7), 492-500.

In their study focus on evaluating the economic benefits of telehealth in DM. They focus on the telehealth cost-effectiveness and quality of care received. The researchers conducted a literature review to identify existing literature take on the telehealth cost-effectiveness DM. In their finding, Lee & Lee (2018) the healthcare providers’ fee is the major predictor for the total cost. In particular, the use of telehealth for retinal screening is vital and cost-effective in DM. The researchers found that teleophthalmology is the most cost-effective technique against other telemedicine strategies. They found the use of telephone reminders and telemonitoring is cost-effective in DM.

Wu, C., Wu, Z., Yang, L., Zhu, W., Zhang, M., Zhu, Q., … & Pan, Y. (2018). Evaluation of the clinical outcomes of telehealth for managing diabetes: a PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis. Medicine, 97(43).

In their study, Wu, Wu, Yang, Zhu, Zhang, Zhu, & Pan (2018) conduct a meta-analysis comparing the clinical outcomes for utilizing telehealth in DM. The researchers sourced their articles from various database searches in PsycINFO, Medline, Embase, Pubmed, and CINAHL. The researchers include only articles published between Jan 2005 to Dec 2017. The primary outcomes assessed by the researchers were the change in HbA1c, and the secondary outcomes comprised of blood lipids, changes in blood pressure, mass blood index, and quality of life. In their study, Wu et al. (2018) selected 19 randomized controlled trials with 6294 participants. The findings indicated that effective telehealth is more effective in glycemic control compared to usual care. The intervention showed that a slight reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, However no observed changes in BMI control.

So, C. F., & Chung, J. W. (2018). Telehealth for diabetes self-management in primary healthcare: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 24(5), 356-364.

So, & Chung (2018) assess the use of telehealth in diabetes self-management. The researchers outline that diabetes mellitus is a health condition that is prevalent worldwide a patient with this health condition receives care from the primary care settings. The articles illustrate that self-management is vital in DM and improving patient wellbeing. The advancement in technology like telehealth facilitates self-management among diabetic patients, thus eradicating the need to visit primary healthcare settings. In their study, the researchers found that telehealth contributes significantly to reducing the level of glycated hemoglobin. The research findings show that telehealth has a positive implication on diabetes self-management.

Lee, P. A., Greenfield, G., & Pappas, Y. (2018). The impact of telehealth remote patient monitoring on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials. BMC health services research, 18(1), 1-10.

In their study, Lee, Greenfield, & Pappas (2018) evaluate the implication of telehealth glycemic control (GC) in remote type two diabetic patients. The researchers conducted a systematic and meta-analysis to source data and created an evidence-based telehealth intervention on GC in diabetic adults. They sourced articles from research databases like Medline, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and PsycINFO, especially those published between 1990 and 2016. Therefore, Lee et al. (2018) found that telehealth produces small but significant HbA1c improvement compared to normal primary healthcare management. They found that the telephone-delivered intervention was effectively followed by the internet-based glucose monitoring systems.

References

Lee, J. Y., & Lee, S. W. H. (2018). Telemedicine cost-effectiveness for diabetes management: A systematic review. Diabetes technology & therapeutics, 20(7), 492-500.

Rho, M. J., Kim, H. S., Chung, K., & Choi, I. Y. (2015). Factors influencing the acceptance of telemedicine for diabetes management. Cluster Computing, 18(1), 321-331.

Xu, T., Pujara, S., Sutton, S., & Rhee, M. (2018). Peer reviewed: Telemedicine in the management of type 1 diabetes. Preventing chronic disease, 15

So, C. F., & Chung, J. W. (2018). Telehealth for diabetes self-management in primary healthcare: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 24(5), 356-364.

The post 10 Running head: USE OF TELEMEDICINE IN DIABETES MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS 1 appeared first on PapersSpot.