1. Thallium (₈₁TI) has 41 isotopes with atomic masses that range from 176 to 216. A sample of ²⁰⁸TI with mass of 4.28 μg emits 10.89×10⁷ β particles in a time interval of 44 min. What is the half-life (in years) of this nuclide?

2. Neon’s most abundant isotope 20Ne (90.48%) is created by the nuclear fusion of carbon and carbon in the carbon-burning process of stellar nucleosynthesis. Ne has ten neutrons and an isotopic molar mass of 19.99244 g/mol. Calculate the nuclear binding energy (in kJ/mol) of this nuclide.