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Armenian Azerbaijani Conflict
The conflictbetween the Armenians and the Azerbaijani about the ownership of Karabagh has elicited various opinions about its nature of the conflict. Several appeals were made by Armeniansto Soviet authorities to have theKarabagh area restored to them. The Soviet authorities ignored the appeals made. The Armenianclaim was backed with a theory by Dr Rafael Ishkhanian that Armenians were the inhabitants of the Armenian plateau since the fourth millennium B.C.E. O the other hand, Azerbaijani community viewed the mountainous Karabagh as part of the sovereign territory of Azerbaijani republic. A controversy has emanated whether the conflict between the two communities was either mass-led.
The Karabagh conflict between Armenians can be viewed as mass led considering the determination expressed by the Armenians to solve the conflict using legislative processes. Armenians engaged in mass protests to demand the attention of the authorities to address the conflict. However, the Communist Party bosses did little in their power to negotiate an amicable agreement between the two communities. After frustrations from the authorities, the Armenians opted to use arm themselves and fight theAzerbaijani out of their land. The Armenians and the Azerbaijani were passionate to defend their perceived right to live in Karabagh. Each community believed that dominance over Karabagh was an important factor for their existence. Propagation of this belief among the communities developed a sense of purpose to defend Karabagh.
For the Azerbaijanis, their motivation to preserve the Karabagh developed from the time of the Askeran Clash, where Azerbaijanis took up arms based on rumors from Karabagh. Refugees led the large mob with personal grudges against the Armenians. The emergence of Nemat Panakhov as the leader of the Azerbaijanis against the invasion of Armenians in Karabagh further shows the motivation of the Armenians civilians to fight based on interest propagated by the mass mentality of a common purpose.
However, the idea of a mass led conflictis still questionable based on the contribution of the elite politicians in fuelling the protests. The elite realized that they benefited from the violence between the Armenians and the Azerbaijanis, and did little to offer solutions to the conflict. The members of the elite practiced convert discrimination rather than chauvinismfor personal benefits.
Ethno symbolism is quite significant in the Armenian- Azerbaijanis conflict over Karabagh. The Armenian belief that they have lived in Karabagh since the fourth millennium B.C.E. is a strong indicator as Armenians identify themselves as original inhabitants of Karabagh. Armenians determine their identity as aborigines of Karabaghfuelled their common unity to reclaim Karabagh. However, ethnic symbolism fails to consider the drastic changes that are motivated by modern decision driven by elites with selfish interests that convert to the interest of other elite even ifthey contradict the beliefs of their communities.
Sociobiological primordialismis evident by the strong belief of both Armenians and Azerbaijanis that they are each extension of ethnic communities that inhabited Karabagh. The Armenians believe that they have ancient cultural roots in Karabagh. These communities associate themselves with distant relatives connected by descent with vertical ties and reinforced by marriage ties. Kinship is the basis of the tribalism between the two communities.In the fourthmillennium B.C.E.while the Azerbaijanis associate themselves with their forefathers that lived in Karabagh.According to social primordialism, communities occasionally engage in mutuallybeneficial relationships.The violence that rose between the Armenians and the Azerbaijanis demonstrate howthe two communities could not establish peace among each other because of conflict over Karabagh even after the Stain was allocated to the Armenians to settle in by the Soviet Russians in 1920 shows that communities are usually antagonists.
In conclusion, there is strongevidence that the Armenian and Azerbaijani conflict was mass-led rather than elite-led. The two communities strongly believed that they have kinship ties with their ancestors who occupied Karabagh. The communities had a personal conviction that it as their duty to defend their land from external communities. With both having deep convictions based on tales stretching back to their history, the communities moved together as a mass to fight each other.
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