Theory of Solution
Before a psychiatrist begins treatment for panic disorder, they need to identify what triggers the symptoms of panic disorder. In this case, they must approach the effects of substance abuse which are the primary cause of panic attacks. After that, the psychiatrists can treat the symptoms of panic disorder, which includes over-breathing and prolonged stress.
CBT is an effective treatment modality for an individual suffering from substance abuse symptoms that include panic attacks. CBT techniques help the patient avoid usage of substance abuse by providing them with alternative approaches to combat the addiction. When the patient stops using substances, they can avoid triggers of panic attacks such as over-breathing and prolonged stress. Consequently, cognitive restructuring, relaxation, and stress reduction techniques are also practical principles of CBT that help the patient treat symptoms of panic disorder caused by substance abuse.
Some behavioral therapies that patients can practice to reduce prolonged stress include moderate diaphragmatic breathing, meditations, continuous muscle relaxations, visualizations, and autogenic training. Slow diaphragmatic breathing helps in enhancing muscle relaxation enabling the patient to pass through a challenging situation without anticipating the worst scenario. It also helps the patient to avoid episodes of panic attacks that may trigger overbreathing.
Jimenez et al. (2009) illustrate a case study of Puerto, who, at the age of 15 years, was diagnosed with a major depressive disorder. Her psychiatrist recommended a CBT approach to treat the panic disorder. This research case study aims to establish the effectiveness of CBT in the treatment of major depressive disorders. Puerto had low self-concept, suicidal thoughts, and dysfunctional attitudes. The psychiatrist requested both qualitative and quantitative data for assessment which were presented using self-report techniques. The mechanism used included intermittent supportive psychotherapy and antidepressants, which comprised 12 individual therapy sessions and the involvement of one family member. Her panic disorder originated from cases of marital problems and also challenges with academic difficulties in school, which affected her social life. During termination of the CBT treatment approach that the psychiatrist recommended, she presented decreased suicidal thoughts and improved self-contempt, which indicates the effectiveness of the CBT treatment approach.
Persons et al. (2001) illustrate Nancy, a 25-year-old white woman diagnosed with major depressive disorders. She was employed as an assistant editor at a publishing company. However, despite her excellent performances on her undergraduate course, she struggled to perform well in her role as an assistant editor. Upon reaching out to a psychiatrist, the psychiatrist scheduled a meet up with her and provided some questionnaires to be presented during the meeting, which included a symptom checklist 90 revised, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Burns Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and a slight measure of possible substance use. During the interview, she appeared to be generally pleasant. However, some topics, especially on her relationships, would easily upset her and become distressed. Her scores on the previous measures showed that she had endorsed many of the items on BDI, which indicated a moderate level of depressive disorder. She described her challenge as feeling trapped in most of her relationships. The psychiatrist recommended CBT as her intervention treatment model, which aimed to reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression. She was able to learn to control her moods and fight her worries about relationships.
In conclusion, panic disorder can be treated using antidepressants such as Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), and Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) and also through the CBT approach. However, CBT is the most effective mechanism for treating the symptoms of panic disorders. CBT provides treatment modalities that cure both effects of substance abuse and symptoms of panic disorders.
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