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History of JazzMU 239Take Home Mid TermPick One – (40 points) 2 pg min.1. DukeEllington’ssong“JumpforJoy”(intheCanvasmusicmenuunder the swing heading) is a strong example of his exploration ofsocial justice themes through composition. The lyrics (not written byDuke) use metaphor, literary, historic, and religious references, as a‘coded language’ to introduce and explore the specific socialtheme inspiring this song. Using research (online, articles, podcastetc), identify the theme and give a line-by-line analysis of the lyrics.How does the music compliment, and support the theme?2. Billie Holiday and Ella Fitzgerald were two of the most distinct voicesnot only of the swing era, but in all of jazz history. Each had a uniquestyle and both in their own ways contributed to the development ofvocal jazz. Listen to “My Last Affair” and “ I Can’t Get Started” (Canvasmusic menu under Ella and Bille heading). There are two versions ofeach song, one done by Billie the other by Ella. Compare and contrasttheir singing styles (like we did in class with Lester Young and ColemanHawkins). Identify which singer is a vertical style singer and which is ahorizontal style singer. Explain and defend your choices, citing specificexamples in EACH song for each singer. Listen to “How High the Moon”and “Gloomy Sunday”. Both Billie and Ella were ‘daughters’ of LouisArmstrong’s approach to jazz singing (remember there are twocomponents to his innovation of jazz singing), and each took a specificcomponent of Armstrong’s innovation and elevated it to new heights.Explain and defend your choices with specific examples from eachsong.Cont.Pick One – (20 points) 1pg min.TheGreatDepressionhadapowerfuleffectonallfacetsofAmerican life in the 30’s, including culture. By the mid to late 30’sJazz or “swing music” was accepted as America’s popular musicand the big band became the standard jazz ensemble. Explainhow the Depression influenced the rise of the big bands thuscreating an overwhelming cultural acceptance of Jazz. Be sure todiscuss economic factors, social factors and technological factorsthat all played a part in this shift. Provide detailed data and otherspecifics to support your ideas.TheSwingErausheredindramaticsocialchangeswithinthemusicindustry. Old structures and rules about who could play jazz, whatthey were allowed to play, or with whom, were challenged by thenew Swing Generation of players. The “All Girl Swing Bands” of the1930’s and 40’s mark a significant shift in the role of women in themusic industry and in jazz specifically. Read the collection of articlesand editorials called “Jazz and Gender During the War Years” (inthe articles module). Identify the challenges women in jazz had toface during the swing era (stereotypes, tropes, controversies,objectification, etc). Be specific and quote from various sourceswithin the reading. Do your own research (online articles etc) oncontemporary female artists, and comment on the modern state ofgender in the music industry. What changes have occurred? Whatissues of inequality persist? Give specific examples of contemporaryartists (both vocal and instrumental) to support your opinions andresearch.Pick Two – (10 points each) 1⁄2 pg min. each5. LouisArmstrong’sHot5&7Recordingsofthemidtolate20’schanged jazz forever and ushered in the “modern” sound of themaster soloist. Discuss the 5 major innovations developed byArmstrong on these recordings. Support your answers by citingspecific examples from Armstrong songs (on Canvas). Discuss atleast one song for each innovation.BennyGoodmanisconsideredapivotalandimportantpersoninthe swing music era. Give a brief, detailed account of the 3 majorevents that make Goodman such a historically important figure.TheBasiebandisconsideredthepinnacleoftheKansasCitysound.Describe the various elements/concepts showcased in that bandthat exemplify the KC sound. Give specific song examples.
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