Question 1: Describe the normal anatomy (structure) and physiology (function) of the respiratory system.

Keywords: alveoli, gas exchange, chemoreceptors, respiration, pressure, autonomic regulation. NB: Do not discuss altitude exposure in this question.

Question 2: Describe how acute altitude exposure disturbs the normal physiology of the respiratory system. Then, describe how the respiratory system detects the changes in altitude, and how it acutely responds to maintain respiratory homeostasis.

Question 3. In addition to the acute respiratory response to acute altitude exposure, prolonged exposure to altitude over several weeks induces changes to the endocrine and urinary system. Describe how the endocrine system and urinary (renal) system integrate to maintain homeostasis in an individual who is exposed to altitude for several weeks.