You are a District Court judge deciding the following case:

A company in the ceramics industry invented a water filter that converts salt water into fresh water cheaply and effectively – helping resolve the global fresh water shortage. They applied for EPA approval to manufacture the filter, but the agency denied their application citing an EPA rule that the manufacturing process unnecessarily contaminates the environment. The EPA rule has more than one interpretation, both for and against the company application.

The company disagrees with the EPA’s analysis and their interpretation of their rule, and appealed their decision within the EPA, and later to an Administrative Law Judge. Both their appeals failed. The company now appeals the agency decision to your District Court. What standard will you use to review the EPA’s interpretation of their rule. review the Perez v Commissioner case for guidance