What are the employee workplace rights mandated by U.S. Federal law?

What are the employee workplace rights mandated by U.S. Federal law?
Briefly discuss at least two controversial issues concerning workplace rights (other than monitoring e-mail). Provide real-life examples to illustrate your answer.
In addition, discuss the issue of workplace privacy. Specifically, do employees have the right to expect privacy in their e-mail conversations, or do companies have a right and/or responsibility to monitor e-mail?

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