The change in available energy from iron ore to steel is 6.3 x 10⁶ kJ/ton of steel, that is, the available energy of 1 ton of steel is higher by 6.3 x 10 6 kJ than the appropriate quantity of iron oxide from which it is extracated. the available energy of the fuel used in steelmaking is 48,000 kJ/kg of fuel.

(a) What is the smallest amount of fuel that is required for the production of 1 ton of steel?

(b) In some steelmaking plants, it takes about 30 x 10⁶ kJ/ton steel. To what extent is the available energy of the fuel wasted in these plants?

(c)  What is the cause of this waste?

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